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Kunde, W. (2003). Sequential modulations of stimulus-response correspondence effects depend on awareness of response conflict. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 10(1), 198–205.
Abstract: In two experiments, sequential modulations of prime-target correspondence effects were investigated in a metacontrast paradigm. Primes were either unmasked and thus consciously discriminable, or entirely masked and thus indiscriminable. Mirroring similar findings from Eriksen- and Simon-type tasks, the influence of prime-target correspondence was reduced in trials that followed a noncorresponding prime-target pair, which suggests that prime-induced response activation can be temporarily suppressed after an incompatible trial. This sequential modulation was independent of prime discriminability in the current trial, but it occurred only when the prime, and thus a conflict between the prime-induced and the deliberately to-be-selected response, was consciously experienced in the preceding trial. This suggests that the suppression of automatic response priming is not an immediate consequence of response conflict, but an intention-mediated strategy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (from the journal abstract)
Keywords: sequential modulations; stimulus-response correspondence; response conflict; awareness; prime-target correspondence; Conflict; Priming; Responses; Stimulus Parameters
Notes: 1069-9384Accession Number: 2003-00499-023. First Author & Affiliation: Kunde, Wilfried; U WÃRrzburg, WÃRrzberg, Germany. Release Date: 20030512. Publication Type: Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal. Media Covered: Print. Media Available: Electronic; Print. Language: English. Major Descriptor(s): Awareness; Conflict; Priming; Responses; Stimulus Parameters. Classification: Human Experimental Psychology (2300). Population: Human (10)Male (30)Female (40). Location: Germany. Age Group:Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300); Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) (320); Thirties (30-39 yrs) (340); . References Available: Y.
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Reyna, V. F., & Lloyd, F. J. (2006). Physician Decision Making and Cardiac Risk: Effects of Knowledge, Risk Perception, Risk Tolerance, and Fuzzy Processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 12(3), 179–195.
Abstract: Despite training, professionals sometimes make serious errors in risky decision making. The authors investigated judgments and decisions for 9 hypothetical patients at 3 levels of cardiac risk, comparing student and physician groups varying in domain-specific knowledge. Decisions were examined regarding whether they deviated from guidelines, how risk perceptions and risk tolerances determined decisions, and how the latter differed for knowledge groups. More knowledgeable professionals were better at discriminating levels of risk according to external correspondence criteria but committed similar errors in disjunctive probability judgments, violating internal coherence criteria. Also, higher knowledge groups relied on fewer dimensions of information than did lower knowledge groups. Consistent with fuzzy-trace theory, experts achieved better discrimination by processing less information and made sharper all-or-none distinctions among decision categories. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (from the journal abstract)
Keywords: medical decision making; expertise; risk perception; decision threshold; fuzzy trace theory; physicians; Decision Making; Experience Level; Knowledge Level; Probability Judgment
Notes: 1076-898XAccession Number: xap-12-3-179. First Author & Affiliation: Reyna, Valerie F.; Department of Human Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, US. Release Date: 20060905. Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal. Media Covered: Electronic. Media Available: Electronic; Print. Document Type: Original Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor(s): Decision Making; Experience Level; Knowledge Level; Physicians; Risk Perception. Minor Descriptor(s): Probability Judgment. Classification: Professional Personnel Attitudes & Characteristics (3430); Population: Human (10); Male (30); Female (40); Location: US. Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300); Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) (320); Thirties (30-39 yrs) (340); Middle Age (40-64 yrs) (360); Grant Information: The research presented here was partially supported by grants from the National Science Foundation and the Academic Medicine and Managed Care Forum (funded in part by Schering Plough Integrated Therapeutics).. Methodology: Empirical Study; Quantitative Study. References Available: Y.
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Rekkas, P. V. (2006). Interference Resolution in the Elderly: Evidence Suggestive of Differences in Strategy on Measures of Prepotent Inhibition and Dual Task Processing. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 13(3), 341–365.
Abstract: The ability to effectively resolve interference was investigated in young and elderly participants using a test of inhibition and a dual task measure. The tasks stressed the ability to suppress prepotent responding, and balance primary and secondary task demands, respectively. Successful performance on both measures hinged on the ability to minimize the distraction generated between competing aspects of each task. Increasing demands resulted in performance decrements despite titration for individual differences in span size and generalized slowing. These were more pronounced on the hardest condition of each task, especially in older participants. Furthermore, the nature of the decrements suggested the use of different strategies between groups. It is argued that a fundamental source of the age-associated variability in cognition is due to compromised ability to effectively resolve interference, and cannot be sufficiently explained by memory span differences or generalized slowing. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (from the journal abstract)
Keywords: interference resolution; elderly; age differences; inhibition; dual task processing; distraction; individual differences; cognition; memory span; Aging; Dual Task Performance; Interference (Learning); Memory; Proactive Inhibition
Notes: 1382-55851744-4128Accession Number: 2006-10488-005. First Author & Affiliation: Rekkas, P. Vivien; Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, US. Other Journal Title: Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition. Release Date: 20060828. Publication Type: Journal (0100) Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Media Covered: Print. Media Available: Electronic; Print. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Age Differences; Aging; Dual Task Performance; Interference (Learning); Memory. Minor Descriptor: Cognition; Distraction; Individual Differences; Proactive Inhibition. Classification: Cognitive Processes (2340) . Population: Human (10) Male (30) Female (40) . Location: Canada. Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) (320) Thirties (30-39 yrs) (340) Aged (65 yrs & older) (380) Very Old (85 yrs & older) (390) . Tests & Measures: Test of Prepotent Inhibition; Mini Mental State Examination; Geriatric Depression Scale; National Adult Reading Test; . Methodology: Empirical Study; Quantitative Study. References Available: Y.
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Haridi, P. V. R., & S,. (2003). Concepts, Techniques and Models of Computer Programming. Found at Internet.
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Almqvist, G. (2008). Round goby Neogobius melanostomus in the Baltic Sea : invasion biology in practice. Ph.D. thesis, , .
Keywords: Invasiva arter.
Notes: Stockholm : Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, (Stockholm : Elanders AB)ill., diagr.ISBN: 9789171556219; 9171556214H‰rtill 5 uppsatser.Gustaf Almqvist.Thesis/dissertation (deg); Internet resource (url)
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