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Hübner, R., & Volberg, G. (2005). The Integration of Object Levels and Their Content: A Theory of Global/Local Processing and Related Hemispheric Differences. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 31(3), 520–541.
Abstract: This article presents and tests the authors' integration hypothesis of global/local processing, which proposes that at early stages of processing, the identities of global and local units of a hierarchical stimulus are represented separately from information about their respective levels and that, therefore, identity and level information have to be integrated at later stages. It further states that the cerebral hemispheres differ in their capacities for these binding processes. Three experiments are reported in which the integration hypothesis was tested. Participants had to identify a letter at a prespecified level with the viewing duration restricted by a mask. False reporting of the letter at the nontarget level was predicted to occur more often when the integration of identity and level could fail. This was the case. Moreover, visual-field effects occurred, as expected. Finally, a multinomial model was constructed and fitted to the data. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (from the journal abstract)
Keywords: global processing; local processing; hemispheric differences; theories; cognitive processes; Interhemispheric Interaction; Lateral Dominance; Perceptual Localization
Notes: 0096-1523Accession Number: 2005-06735-009. First Author & Affiliation: HÃRbner, Ronald; Department of Psychology, Universitìt Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany. Other Journal Title: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. Release Date: 20050627. Publication Type: Journal (0100) Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Media Covered: Electronic. Media Available: Electronic; Print. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Cognitive Processes; Interhemispheric Interaction; Lateral Dominance; Perceptual Localization. Minor Descriptor: Theories. Classification: Cognitive Processes (2340) Neuropsychology & Neurology (2520) . Population: Human (10) Male (30) Female (40) . Location: Germany. Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) . Methodology: Empirical Study; Quantitative Study. References Available: Y.
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Pineño, O., & Miller, R. R. (2007). Comparing associative, statistical, and inferential reasoning accounts of human contingency learning. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 60(3), 310–329.
Abstract: For more than two decades, researchers have contrasted the relative merits of associative and statistical theories as accounts of human contingency learning. This debate, still far from resolution, has led to further refinement of models within each family of theories. More recently, a third theoretical view has joined the debate: the inferential reasoning account. The explanations of these three accounts differ critically in many aspects, such as level of analysis and their emphasis on different steps within the information-processing sequence. Also, each account has important advantages (as well as critical flaws) and emphasizes experimental evidence that poses problems to the others. Some hybrid models of human contingency learning have attempted to reconcile certain features of these accounts, thereby benefiting from some of the unique advantages of different families of accounts. A comparison of these families of accounts will help us appreciate the challenges that research on human contingency learning will face over the coming years. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (from the journal abstract)
Keywords: associative processes; statistics; inferential reasoning; human contingency learning; Inference; Learning; Reasoning
Notes: 1747-0218Accession Number: 2007-03928-003. First Author & Affiliation: Pineño, Oskar; University of Seville, Seville, Spain. Other Journal Title: Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. Release Date: 20070326. Publication Type: Journal (0100) Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Media Covered: Electronic. Media Available: Electronic; Print. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Associative Processes; Inference; Learning; Reasoning; Statistics. Classification: Learning & Memory (2343) . Population: Human (10) . Grant Information: The development of this paper was possible due to support from Department of Universities, Research, and Technology of the AndalucÃa Government (Junta de AndalucÃa) and NIMH Grant 33881. References Available: Y.
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Keefe, R. S. E., Arnold, M. C., Bayen, U. J., McEvoy, J. P., & Wilson, W. H. (2002). Source-monitoring deficits for self-generated stimuli in schizophrenia: Multinomial modeling of data from three sources. Schizophrenia Research, 57(1), 51–68.
Abstract: Notes that schizophrenia patients, particularly those with specific types of hallucinations and delusions, may have a deficit in monitoring the generation of thought. This deficit, termed autonoetic agnosia, may result in the conclusion that self-generated thoughts come from an external source. This study assessed autonoetic agnosia in 29 schizophrenic patients (mean age 37.7 yrs) and 19 controls (mean age 36.5 yrs) by applying a recently developed technique from cognitive science: multinomial modeling of source-monitoring data. It was found that schizophrenic patients demonstrated deficits in monitoring the source of self-generated information, yet performed similarly to controls in monitoring the source of visual and auditory information. Schizophrenic patients with specific “target” symptoms such as auditory hallucinations and thought insertion had greater deficits than other patients in recognizing self-generated information. This study offers partial support for the notion that schizophrenic patients manifest autonoetic agnosia. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: source-monitoring deficits; self-generated stimuli; schizophrenia; autonoetic agnosia; thought generation; hallucinations; delusions; Agnosia; Cognitions; Monitoring; Thought Disturbances; Source Monitoring
Notes: 0920-9964Accession Number: 2002-18201-007. First Author & Affiliation: Keefe, Richard S.E.; Duke U Medical Ctr, Dept of Psychiatry & Behavioural Science, Durham, NC, US. Other Journal Title: Schizophrenia Research. Release Date: 20020918. Publication Type: Journal (0100) Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Media Covered: Print. Media Available: Electronic; Print. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Conference Information: Winter Workshop for Schizophrenia Research. Conference Note: Portions of this research were presented at the aforementioned workshop. Major Descriptor: Agnosia; Cognitions; Monitoring; Schizophrenia; Thought Disturbances. Minor Descriptor: Delusions; Hallucinations; Source Monitoring. Classification: Schizophrenia & Psychotic States (3213) . Population: Human (10) Male (30) Female (40) . Location: US. Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) . Methodology: Empirical Study. References Available: Y.
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Smith, R. E., & Bayen, U. J. (2004). A Multinomial Model of Event-Based Prospective Memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 30(4), 756–777.
Abstract: Prospective memory is remembering to perform an action in the future. The authors introduce the 1st formal model of event-based prospective memory, namely, a multinomial model that includes 2 separate parameters related to prospective memory processes. The 1st measures preparatory attentional processes, and the 2nd measures retrospective memory processes. The model was validated in 4 experiments. Manipulations of instructions to place importance on either the prospective memory task or the background task (Experiments 1 and 2) and manipulations of distinctiveness of prospective memory targets (Experiment 2) had expected effects on model parameters, as did a manipulation of the difficulty of prospective memory target encoding (Experiments 3 and 4). An alternative model was also evaluated. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (from the journal abstract)
Keywords: event-based prospective memory; multinomial model; prospective memory processes; preparatory attentional processes; retrospective memory; Attention; Cognitive Processes; Experiences (Events); Memory; Models
Notes: 0278-7393Accession Number: 2004-15494-002. First Author & Affiliation: Smith, Rebekah E.; Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, US. Other Journal Title: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. Release Date: 20040705. Publication Type: Journal (0100) Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Media Covered: Print. Media Available: Electronic; Print. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Attention; Cognitive Processes; Experiences (Events); Memory; Models. Classification: Learning & Memory (2343) . Population: Human (10) . Methodology: Empirical Study; Quantitative Study. References Available: Y.
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Smith, R. E., & Bayen, U. J. (2005). The Effects of Working Memory Resource Availability on Prospective Memory: A Formal Modeling Approach. Experimental Psychology, 52(4), 243–256.
Abstract: The PAM theory of event-based prospective memory (Smith, 2003; Smith & Bayen, 2004a) proposes that successful prospective memory performance demands upon the interaction of preparatory attentional processes and retrospective memory processes. The two experiments in the current study represent the first application of a formal model to investigate the sensitivity of these underlying processes to variations in working memory resource availability. Multinomial modeling of data from prospective-memory tasks showed that working memory span influenced preparatory attentional processes and retrospective-memory processes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (from the journal abstract)
Keywords: working memory; prospective memory; attentional processes; multinomial modeling; Attention; Memory; Short Term Memory
Notes: 1618-3169Accession Number: 2005-13714-001. First Author & Affiliation: Smith, Rebekah E.; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, US. Other Journal Title: Experimental Psychology. Release Date: 20051107. Publication Type: Journal (0100) Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Media Covered: Electronic. Media Available: Electronic; Print. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Attention; Memory; Short Term Memory. Classification: Learning & Memory (2343) . Population: Human (10) . Methodology: Empirical Study; Quantitative Study. References Available: Y.
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