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Kunkanjanawan, T., Noisa, P., & Parnpai, R. (2011). Modeling neurological disorders by human induced pluripotent stem cells. J Biomed Biotechnol, 2011, 350131.
Abstract: Studies of human brain development are critical as research on neurological disorders have been progressively advanced. However, understanding the process of neurogenesis through analysis of the early embryo is complicated and limited by a number of factors, including the complexity of the embryos, availability, and ethical constrains. The emerging of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has shed light of a new approach to study both early development and disease pathology. The cells behave as precursors of all embryonic lineages; thus, they allow tracing the history from the root to individual branches of the cell lineage tree. Systems for neural differentiation of hESCs and iPSCs have provided an experimental model that can be used to augment in vitro studies of in vivo brain development. Interestingly, iPSCs derived from patients, containing donor genetic background, have offered a breakthrough approach to study human genetics of neurodegenerative diseases. This paper summarizes the recent reports of the development of iPSCs from patients who suffer from neurological diseases and evaluates the feasibility of iPSCs as a disease model. The benefits and obstacles of iPSC technology are highlighted in order to raising the cautions of misinterpretation prior to further clinical translations.
Keywords: Brain/embryology/physiopathology; Cell Differentiation; Embryonic Stem Cells/*cytology; Humans; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/*physiology; *Models, Neurological; Nervous System Diseases/*pathology/*physiopathology/therapy
Notes: PMID:22162635; PMCID:PMC3227533
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Dal Corso, A. (2001). Density-functional perturbation theory with ultrasoft pseudopotentials. Physical Review B, 64(23), 235118.
Keywords: DFPT,pseudopotential,ultrasoft
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Capocci, A., & Caldarelli, G. (2007). Folksonomies and clustering in the collaborative system CiteULike. Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical, 41(22), 224016.
Abstract: We analyze CiteULike, an online collaborative tagging system where users bookmark and annotate scientific papers. Such a system can be naturally represented as a tripartite graph whose nodes represent papers, users and tags connected by individual tag assignments. The semantics of tags is studied here, in order to uncover the hidden relationships between tags. We find that the clustering coefficient reflects the semantical patterns among tags, providing useful ideas for the designing of more efficient methods of data classification and spam detection.
Keywords: collaboration; system
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Vedda, A., Nikl, M., Fasoli, M., Mihokova, E., Pejchal, J., Dusek, M., et al. (2008). Thermally stimulated tunnelling in rare-earth-doped oxyorthosilicates. Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys., 78, 195123.
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Xie, X., Roither, S., Kartashov, D., Persson, E., Arbó, D. G., Zhang, L., et al. (2012). Attosecond Probe of Valence-Electron Wave Packets by Subcycle Sculpted Laser Fields. Physical Review Letters, 108(19), 193004.
Abstract: We experimentally and theoretically demonstrate a self-referenced wave-function retrieval of a valence-electron wave packet during its creation by strong-field ionization with a sculpted laser field. Key is the control over interferences arising at different time scales. Our work shows that the measurement of subcycle electron wave-packet interference patterns can serve as a tool to retrieve the structure and dynamics of the valence-electron cloud in atoms on a sub-10-as time scale.
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