TY  - JOUR
AU  - Underwood, G.J.C.
AU  - Aslam, S.N.
AU  - Michel, C.
AU  - Niemi, A.
AU  - Norman, L.
AU  - Meiners, K.M.
AU  - Laybourn-Parry, J.
AU  - Paterson, H.
AU  - Thomas, D.N.
PY  - 2013//
TI  - Broad-scale predictability of carbohydrates and exopolymers in Antarctic and Arctic sea ice
T2  - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
SP  - 15734
EP  - 15739
VL  - 110
IS  - 39
PB  - National Academy of Sciences
CY  - Washington, DC
KW  - Antarctic Regions
KW  - Arctic Regions
KW  - Biopolymers/*analysis
KW  - Carbohydrates/*analysis
KW  - Ice Cover/*chemistry
KW  - Models
KW  - Chemical
KW  - Molecular Weight
KW  - Solubility
KW  - algae
KW  - biogeochemistry
KW  - global relationships
KW  - microbial
AB  - Sea ice can contain high concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), much of which is carbohydrate-rich extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by microalgae and bacteria inhabiting the ice. Here we report the concentrations of dissolved carbohydrates (dCHO) and dissolved EPS (dEPS) in relation to algal standing stock [estimated by chlorophyll (Chl) a concentrations] in sea ice from six locations in the Southern and Arctic Oceans. Concentrations varied substantially within and between sampling sites, reflecting local ice conditions and biological content. However, combining all data revealed robust statistical relationships between dCHO concentrations and the concentrations of different dEPS fractions, Chl a, and DOC. These relationships were true for whole ice cores, bottom ice (biomass rich) sections, and colder surface ice. The distribution of dEPS was strongly correlated to algal biomass, with the highest concentrations of both dEPS and non-EPS carbohydrates in the bottom horizons of the ice. Complex EPS was more prevalent in colder surface sea ice horizons. Predictive models (validated against independent data) were derived to enable the estimation of dCHO concentrations from data on ice thickness, salinity, and vertical position in core. When Chl a data were included a higher level of prediction was obtained. The consistent patterns reflected in these relationships provide a strong basis for including estimates of regional and seasonal carbohydrate and dEPS carbon budgets in coupled physical-biogeochemical models, across different types of sea ice from both polar regions.
SN  - 0027-8424
UR  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24019487
UR  - PM:24019487
N1  - PMID:24019487; PMCID:PMC3785782
ID  - Underwood_etal2013
ER  -