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Miller, S.B.; Odell, K.H. |
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Title |
Age-related intraindividual performance variability with practice |
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Journal Article |
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2007 |
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International Journal of Aging & Human Development |
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65 |
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2 |
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97-120 |
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age-related intraindividual performance variability; practice; cognitive task performance; reading span task; recall accuracy; cognitive processing; Age Differences; Cognitive Processes; Performance; Recall (Learning); Individual Differences; Reading |
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Fluctuations in cognitive task performance in older individuals have been reported. To examine intraindividual variability as a function of practice, 34 younger and 34 older female participants, aged 20-30 years and 70-82 years, respectively, performed a reading span task 16 times over four sessions. Each individual's recall accuracy was analyzed over the practice trials. It was found that intraindividual variability occurred more frequently in older than younger individuals, and that fluctuations were more frequent in mid to later trials of practice. These findings were interpreted within a resource theory framework as evidence for age-related inefficient cognitive processing with practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (from the journal abstract) |
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Baywood Publishing |
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Miller, Suzanne Bonneau, CSU Chico, 400 West First Street, Building AJH, Room 100, Chico, CA, US, 95 |
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0091-41501541-3535Accession Number: 2007-13403-001. First Author & Affiliation: Miller, Suzanne Bonneau; California State University, Chico, CA, US. Other Journal Title: International Journal of Aging & Human Development. Release Date: 20071015. Publication Type: Journal (0100) Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Media Covered: Electronic. Media Available: Electronic; Print. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Conference Information: American Speech Language Hearing Association. Conference Note: A portion of the results were presented at the aforementioned conference. Major Descriptor: Age Differences; Cognitive Processes; Performance; Practice; Recall (Learning). Minor Descriptor: Individual Differences; Reading. Classification: Cognitive Processes (2340) Developmental Psychology (2800) . Population: Human (10) Female (40) . Location: US. Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) (320) Thirties (30-39 yrs) (340) Aged (65 yrs & older) (380) . Tests & Measures: Arizona Battery for Communicative Functioning in Dementia; Mini Mental State Examination; . Methodology: Empirical Study; Quantitative Study. References Available: Y. |
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refbase @ user @ Miller2007 |
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5190 |
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Arnott, S.R.; Pratt, J. |
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“A review of attentional capture: On its automaticity and sensitivity to endogenous control”: Commentary: Filter or disengagement? |
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2002 |
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Psicologica |
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23 |
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2 |
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311-313 |
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attentional capture; exogenous factors; endogenous factors; attentional allocation; Attention; Theories |
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Comments on the M. Ruz and J. Lupianez article (see record 2002-08551-005) which reviews data and theory related to the automatic vs modulated by endogenous factors debate in attentional capture. The authors focus on the discussion of how attentional control settings operate, presenting 3 items of note from their lab which are more consistent with the J. Theeuwes et al (2000) rapid disengagement hypothesis than with the C. L. Folk and R. W. Remington (1992) filter hypothesis. First, the authors' event-related potential results indicated that stimulus-related differences do not become evident over primary visual areas until approximately 165-185 ms post-onset. Second, at 150 ms SOA, results show only uninformative cues that shared a target-relevant feature produced cueing effects. Third, the authors are currently testing the disengagement hypothesis by exploiting the phenomenon of attentional repulsion. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2003 APA, all rights reserved) |
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Univ de Valencia Facultad de Psicologia |
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Arnott, Stephen R., Rotman Research Inst, Baycrest Ctr for Geriatric Care, 3560 Bathurst Street, Tor |
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0211-2159, Print |
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TY – JOURAccession Number: 2002-08551-006. First Author & Affiliation: Arnott, Stephen R.; U Toronto, ON, Canada. Release Date: 20030804. Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal (270). Media Covered: Print. Media Available: Print. Language: English. Major Descriptor(s): Attention; Theories. Classification: Attention (2346). Content Type: Comment (0500); Journal Article (2400). References Available: Y. |
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6548 |
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Salthouse, T.A.; Siedlecki, K.L.; Krueger, L.E. |
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An individual differences analysis of memory control |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
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Journal of Memory and Language |
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55 |
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1 |
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102-125 |
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individual differences; memory control; cognitive abilities; multiple trial recall; directed forgetting; proactive interference; retrieval inhibition; Memory; Recall (Learning); Cognitive Ability; Forgetting; Interference (Learning) |
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Performance on a wide variety of memory tasks can be hypothesized to be influenced by processes associated with controlling the contents of memory. In this project 328 adults ranging from 18 to 93 years of age performed six tasks (e.g., multiple trial recall with an interpolated interference list, directed forgetting, proactive interference, and retrieval inhibition) postulated to yield measures of the effectiveness of memory control. Although most of the patterns from earlier studies were replicated, only a few of the measures of memory control were reliable at the level of individual differences. Furthermore, the memory control measures had very weak relations with the age of the participant. Analyses examining the relations between established cognitive abilities and variables from the experimental tasks revealed that most of the variables were related only to episodic memory ability. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (from the journal abstract) |
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Elsevier Science |
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Salthouse, Timothy A., Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, US, 22 |
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0749-596XAccession Number: 2006-07448-007. First Author & Affiliation: Salthouse, Timothy A.; Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, US. Release Date: 20060612. Publication Type: Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal. Media Covered: Electronic. Media Available: Electronic; Print. Document Type: Original Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor(s): Individual Differences; Memory; Recall (Learning). Minor Descriptor(s): Cognitive Ability; Forgetting; Interference (Learning). Classification: Learning & Memory (2343). Population: Human (10)Male (30)Female (40). Location: US. Age Group:Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300); Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) (320); Thirties (30-39 yrs) (340); Middle Age (40-64 yrs) (360); Aged (65 yrs & older) (380); Very Old (85 yrs & older) (390); . Grant Information: This research was supported by NIA RO1AG19627 grant to T.A.S. Tests & Measures: Mini Mental State Examination Wechsler Memory Scale III Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) . References Available: Y. |
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refbase @ user @ Salthouse2006 |
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4835 |
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Salthouse, T.A.; Berish, D.E. |
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Title |
Correlates of Within-Person (Across-Occasion) Variability in Reaction Time |
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Journal Article |
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2005 |
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Neuropsychology |
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19 |
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1 |
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77-87 |
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reaction time; within-person variability; age; Aging; Repeated Measures |
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A total of 420 adults between 18 and 91 years of age carried palm pilot (Palm M100; PalmOne, Milpitas, CA) devices and performed several reaction time trials when prompted at random times during the day. On the average, within-person variability in median reaction time from one occasion to the next was nearly the same magnitude as the between-persons variability in across-occasion mean reaction time. Analyses controlling the variation in one variable when examining relations involving the other variable suggested that an individual's mean reaction time is a more powerful predictor of relations with age and with the level of various cognitive abilities than his or her across-occasion SD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (from the journal abstract) |
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American Psychological Association |
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Salthouse, Timothy A., Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, US, 22 |
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0894-4105Accession Number: 2005-00128-009. First Author & Affiliation: Salthouse, Timothy A.; Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, US. Other Journal Title: Neuropsychology. Other Publishers: Educational Publishing FoundationTaylor & Francis. Release Date: 20050118. Publication Type: Journal (0100) Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Media Covered: Electronic. Media Available: Electronic; Print. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Aging; Reaction Time; Repeated Measures. Classification: Human Experimental Psychology (2300) Research Methods & Experimental Design (2260) . Population: Human (10) Male (30) Female (40) . Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) (320) Thirties (30-39 yrs) (340) Middle Age (40-64 yrs) (360) Aged (65 yrs & older) (380) Very Old (85 yrs & older) (390) . Tests & Measures: Woodcock-Johnson Picture Vocabulary Test; Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression; Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale; Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; . Methodology: Empirical Study; Quantitative Study. References Available: Y. |
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refbase @ user @ Salthouse2005a |
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4837 |
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Sahakyan, L.; Delaney, P.F. |
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Directed Forgetting in Incidental Learning and Recognition Testing: Support for a Two-Factor Account |
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2005 |
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Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition |
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31 |
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4 |
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789-801 |
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directed forgetting; incidental learning; recognition testing; intentional forgetting; study strategies; multinomial modeling; inhibition; two-factor account; Forgetting; Recall (Learning); Recognition (Learning); Models |
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Instructing people to forget a list of items often leads to better recall of subsequently studied lists (known as the benefits of directed forgetting). The authors have proposed that changes in study strategy are a central cause of the benefits (L. Sahakyan & P. F. Delaney, 2003). The authors address 2 results from the literature that are inconsistent with their strategy-based explanation: (a) the presence of benefits under incidental learning conditions and (b) the absence of benefits in recognition testing. Experiment 1 showed that incidental learning attenuated the benefits compared with intentional learning, as expected if a change of study strategy causes the benefits. Experiment 2 demonstrated benefits using recognition testing, albeit only when longer lists were used. Memory for source in directed forgetting was also explored using multinomial modeling. Results are discussed in terms of a 2-factor account of directed forgetting. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (from the journal abstract) |
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American Psychological Association |
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Sahakyan, Lili, Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 296 Eberhart B |
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0278-7393Accession Number: 2005-08130-014. First Author & Affiliation: Sahakyan, Lili; Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, US. Other Journal Title: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. Release Date: 20050801. Publication Type: Journal (0100) Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Media Covered: Electronic. Media Available: Electronic; Print. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Forgetting; Incidental Learning; Recall (Learning); Recognition (Learning). Minor Descriptor: Models. Classification: Learning & Memory (2343) . Population: Human (10) . Location: US. Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) . Methodology: Empirical Study; Quantitative Study. References Available: Y. |
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refbase @ user @ Sahakyan2005 |
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4844 |
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