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Willems, S.; Salmon, E.; Van der Linden, M. |
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Title |
Implicit/explicit memory dissociation in Alzheimer's disease: The consequence of inappropriate processing? |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
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Neuropsychology |
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22 |
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6 |
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710-717 |
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Keywords |
Alzheimer's disease; memory; familiarity; perceptual fluency; mere exposure effect; priming; Alzheimers Disease; Visual Perception; Recognition (Learning) |
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Dual-process theories of recognition posit that perceptual fluency contributes to both familiarity-based explicit recognition and perceptual priming. However, the priming-without-recognition dissociation, as observed through the intact mere exposure effect and impaired recognition in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), might indicate that familiarity and perceptual priming are functionally distinct. This study investigated whether the AD patients' processing strategies at testing may explain this priming-without-recognition dissociation. First, we replicated the priming-without-recognition effect in 16 patients who exhibited intact exposure effects despite null recognition. Second, we showed that, under identical conditions, inducing a holistic processing strategy during recognition testing increased AD patients' recognition--performance was similar for AD patients and healthy control participants. Furthermore, prompting analytic processing during both priming and recognition tasks decreased AD patients' performance in both tasks. These findings suggest that the extent to which AD patients use perceptual fluency in priming and recognition tasks is contingent on their processing approach. The choice of processing strategy may depend on how difficult patients perceive the task to be. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved). (from the journal abstract) |
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American Psychological Association |
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Willems, Sylvie, Neuropsychology Unit, Boulevard du Rectorat - B33, Sart Tilman, 4000, Liege, Belgiu |
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0894-41051931-1559Accession Number: neu-22-6-710. First Author & Affiliation: Willems, Sylvie; Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium. Other Publishers: Educational Publishing Foundation; Taylor & Francis. Release Date: 20081110. Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal. Media Covered: Electronic. Media Available: Electronic; Print. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Alzheimers Disease; Visual Perception. Minor Descriptor: Memory; Priming; Recognition (Learning). Classification: Neurological Disorders & Brain Damage (3297); Population: Human (10); Male (30); Female (40); . Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300); . Tests & Measures: Mini Mental State Examination; Mattis Dementia Rating Scale; Methodology: Empirical Study; Quantitative Study. References Available: Y. |
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refbase @ user @ Willems2008 |
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4455 |
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Belleville, S.; Rouleau, N.; Van der Linden, M. |
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Title |
Use of the Hayling task to measure inhibition of prepotent responses in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Brain and Cognition |
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62 |
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2 |
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113-119 |
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Keywords |
aging; Alzheimers disease; ability; patients; cognitive impairment; response inhibition |
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This study measures the effect of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and normal aging on the inhibition of prepotent responses. AD patients, normal aged controls, and young subjects were tested with the Hayling task, which measures the ability to inhibit a semantically constrained response, and with the Stroop procedure. AD patients showed a severe deficit in both error rates and response time on the Hayling task. Inhibition was also impaired on the Stroop procedure, both when using raw performance and when using an inhibition score that controlled for reading and naming speed. Normal aged participants showed modest impairment relative to young controls on both tests. Examination of individual performance in AD patients indicated that the impairment was found in most patients on the Hayling test but in only a subgroup of patients on the Stroop test. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (from the journal abstract) |
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Elsevier Science |
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Belleville, Sylvie, sylvie.belleville@umontreal.ca |
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0278-2626Accession Number: 2006-20506-003. First Author & Affiliation: Belleville, Sylvie; Research Center, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Release Date: 20061113. Publication Type: Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal. Media Covered: Electronic. Media Available: Electronic; Print. Document Type: Original Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor(s): Ability; Aging; Alzheimers Disease; Cognitive Impairment; Response Inhibition. Classification: Neurological Disorders & Brain Damage (3297). Population: Human (10)Male (30)Female (40). Age Group:Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300); Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) (320); Thirties (30-39 yrs) (340); Middle Age (40-64 yrs) (360); Aged (65 yrs & older) (380); Very Old (85 yrs & older) (390); . Grant Information: S.B. received support by the Fonds de la Recherche en Santé du Québec and by the Canadian Institute for Health Research and N.R. received support by the Fonds pour la Formation de Chercheurs et l'Aide à la Recherche and the Fonds de Développement Scientifique of the Belgian government. Tests & Measures: Mill Hill Vocabulary Scale Mini Mental State Examination Stroop Color and Word Test Wechsler Memory Scale Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Mattis Dementia Rating Scale . References Available: Y. |
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refbase @ user @ Belleville2006 |
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6445 |
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Author |
Su, Y.; Myung, I.J.; GrÃRnwald, P.D.; Pitt, M.A. |
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Title |
Minimum Description Length and Cognitive Modeling |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
2005 |
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Advances in minimum description length theory and applications. |
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411-433 |
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minimum description length; retention models; cognitive modeling; Fisher information; Mdl; cognitive science; mathematical models; Mathematical Modeling |
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The question of how one should decide between competing explanations of data is at the heart of the scientific enterprise. In the field of cognitive science, mathematical models are increasingly being advanced as explanations of cognitive behavior. In the application of the minimum description length (MDL) principle to the selection of these models, one of the major obstacles is to calculate Fisher information. In this study we provide a general formula to calculate Fisher information for models of cognition that assume multinomial or normal distributions. We also illustrate the usage of the formula for models of categorization, information integration, retention, and psychophysics. Further, we compute and compare the complexity penalty terms of two recent versions of MDL (Rissanen 1996, 2001) for a multinomial model. Finally, the adequacy of MDL is demonstrated in the selection of retention models. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (from the chapter) |
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MIT Press |
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Su, Yong, Department of Electrical Engineering, Ohio State University, 2015 Neil Avenue Mall, Columb |
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0-262-07262-9Accession Number: 2005-05733-016. First Author & Affiliation: Su, Yong; Department of Electrical Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, US. Translated Book Series Title: Neural information processing series. Release Date: 20060814. Publication Type: Book (0200) Edited Book (0280). Media Covered: Print. Document Type: Chapter. ISBN: 0-262-07262-9, hardcover. Language: English. Conference Information: Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS) conference. Conference Note: This book is based on a workshop organized at the aforementioned conference. Major Descriptor: Cognitive Science; Mathematical Modeling. Classification: Statistics & Mathematics (2240) . Intended Audience: Psychology: Professional & Research (PS). Grant Information: This research was supported by National Institutes of Health grant R01 MH57472. Supplemental Data: Web Sites [Internet Available]; . References Available: Y. |
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refbase @ user @ Su2005 |
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4621 |
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Author |
MacDonald, S.W.S.; Hultsch, D.F.; Dixon, R.A. |
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Title |
Performance variability is related to change in cognition: Evidence from the Victoria Longitudinal Study |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
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Psychology and Aging |
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18 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
510-523 |
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performance variability across tasks; inconsistency; age differences; cognitive change; differences in response speed; older adults; marker of cognitive aging; Aging; Cognitive Ability; Individual Differences; Performance; Reaction Time |
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Performance variability across repeated task administrations may be an important indicator of age-related cognitive functioning. In the present investigation, the authors examined whether age differences and change in inconsistency were related to 6-year (3 occasion) cognitive change. Inconsistency scores were computed from 4 reaction time tasks performed by 446 older adults (54-89 years). Replicating previous cross-sectional results, greater inconsistency was observed for older participants even after controlling for differences in response speed. New longitudinal results demonstrated (a) associations between inconsistency at baseline measurement and 6-year change in cognitive performance; (b) longitudinal change in inconsistency; and (c) intraindividual covariation between 6-year change in inconsistency and 6-year change in level of cognitive function. These findings support the view that performance variability serves as a marker of cognitive aging. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (from the journal abstract) |
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American Psychological Association |
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MacDonald, Stuart W. S., Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Box 6401, S-113 82, Stockholm, Swede |
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0882-7974Accession Number: 2003-07824-016. First Author & Affiliation: MacDonald, Stuart W. S.; Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada. Other Journal Title: Psychology and Aging. Release Date: 20031103. Publication Type: Journal (0100) Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Media Covered: Print. Media Available: Electronic; Print. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Age Differences; Aging; Cognitive Ability; Individual Differences; Performance. Minor Descriptor: Reaction Time. Classification: Gerontology (2860) . Population: Human (10) Male (30) Female (40) . Location: Canada. Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Middle Age (40-64 yrs) (360) Aged (65 yrs & older) (380) Very Old (85 yrs & older) (390) . Tests & Measures: Mini Mental State Examination; . Methodology: Empirical Study; Longitudinal Study; Quantitative Study. References Available: Y. |
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refbase @ user @ MacDonald2003 |
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5324 |
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Author |
Strack, F.; Deutsch, R. |
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Title |
Reflective and Impulsive Determinants of Social Behavior |
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2004 |
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Personality and Social Psychology Review |
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8 |
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3 |
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220-247 |
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social behavior model; reflective process; impulsive process; interacting systems; Impulsiveness; Motivation; Reflectiveness; Social Behavior; Hostility |
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This article describes a 2-systems model that explains social behavior as a joint function of reflective and impulsive processes. In particular, it is assumed that social behavior is controlled by 2 interacting systems that follow different operating principles. The reflective system generates behavioral decisions that are based on knowledge about facts and values, whereas the impulsive system elicits behavior through associative links and motivational orientations. The proposed model describes how the 2 systems interact at various stages of processing, and how their outputs may determine behavior in a synergistic or antagonistic fashion. It extends previous models by integrating motivational components that allow more precise predictions of behavior. The implications of this reflective-impulsive model are applied to various phenomena from social psychology and beyond. Extending previous dual-process accounts, this model is not limited to specific domains of mental functioning and attempts to integrate cognitive, motivational, and behavioral mechanisms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (from the journal abstract) |
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Lawrence Erlbaum |
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Strack, Fritz, Lehrstuhl fur Psychologie II, Universitat Wurzburg, Rontgenring 10, 97070, Wurzburg, |
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1088-86831532-7957Accession Number: 2004-18152-001. First Author & Affiliation: Strack, Fritz; Department of Psychology, University of WÃRrzburg, WÃRrzburg, Germany. Other Journal Title: Personality and Social Psychology Review. Release Date: 20040927. Publication Type: Journal (0100) Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Media Covered: Print. Media Available: Electronic; Print. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Impulsiveness; Motivation; Reflectiveness; Social Behavior. Minor Descriptor: Hostility. Classification: Social Perception & Cognition (3040) . Population: Human (10) . References Available: Y. |
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refbase @ user @ Strack2004 |
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4626 |
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