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Weike, A.I.; Hamm, A.O.; Schupp, H.T.; Runge, U.; Schroeder, H.W.S.; Kessler, C. |
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Title |
Fear Conditioning following Unilateral Temporal Lobectomy: Dissociation of Conditioned Startle Potentiation and Autonomic Learning |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Journal of Neuroscience |
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25 |
Issue |
48 |
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11117-11124 |
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Keywords |
fear conditioning; unilateral temporal lobectomy; conditioned startle potentiation; autonomic learning; brain lesions; skin conductance responses; startle blink responses; drug resistant epilepsy; Conditioned Fear; Epilepsy; Psychosurgery; Startle Reflex; Autonomic Nervous System; Eyeblink Reflex; Skin Resistance; Treatment Resistant Disorders |
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The present study investigated fear-potentiated startle and autonomic learning in brain-lesioned patients in a classical fear-conditioning paradigm. Startle blink and skin conductance responses of 30 patients who underwent unilateral temporal lobectomy because of drug-resistant epilepsy were compared with those of 32 healthy controls. As expected, temporal lobectomy patients showed a general impairment in fear conditioning relative to controls. This impairment did not differ with respect to the affected hemisphere. Moreover, while fear-conditioned startle potentiation in healthy controls was independent of contingency awareness, skin conductance discrimination was only observed for those participants who correctly recognized the stimulus contingencies. Patients who acquired a declarative memory of the contingencies also showed intact skin conductance discrimination but failed to exhibit fear-potentiated startle. The present findings support a two-levels-of-learning account of human fear conditioning and also demonstrate that the amygdala is crucially involved in fear learning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (from the journal abstract) |
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Society for Neuroscience |
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Weike, Almut I., Department of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Franz-Mehring-Strasse 47, 17487 |
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0270-64741529-2401Accession Number: 2005-15699-002. First Author & Affiliation: Weike, Almut I.; Department of Psycholgy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany. Other Journal Title: Journal of Neuroscience. Release Date: 20060403. Publication Type: Journal (0100) Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Media Covered: Electronic. Media Available: Electronic; Print. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Brain Lesions; Conditioned Fear; Epilepsy; Psychosurgery; Startle Reflex. Minor Descriptor: Autonomic Nervous System; Eyeblink Reflex; Skin Resistance; Treatment Resistant Disorders. Classification: Neurological Disorders & Brain Damage (3297) . Population: Human (10) Male (30) Female (40) . Location: Germany. Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) . Methodology: Empirical Study; Quantitative Study. References Available: Y. |
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refbase @ user @ Weike2005a |
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4488 |
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Author |
Weike, A.I.; Hamm, A.O.; Schupp, H.T.; Runge, U.; Schroeder, H.W.S.; Kessler, C. |
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Title |
Fear Conditioning following Unilateral Temporal Lobectomy: Dissociation of Conditioned Startle Potentiation and Autonomic Learning |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Journal of Neuroscience |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
25 |
Issue |
48 |
Pages |
11117-11124 |
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Keywords |
fear conditioning; unilateral temporal lobectomy; conditioned startle potentiation; autonomic learning; brain lesions; skin conductance responses; startle blink responses; drug resistant epilepsy; Conditioned Fear; Epilepsy; Psychosurgery; Startle Reflex; Autonomic Nervous System; Eyeblink Reflex; Skin Resistance; Treatment Resistant Disorders |
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Abstract |
The present study investigated fear-potentiated startle and autonomic learning in brain-lesioned patients in a classical fear-conditioning paradigm. Startle blink and skin conductance responses of 30 patients who underwent unilateral temporal lobectomy because of drug-resistant epilepsy were compared with those of 32 healthy controls. As expected, temporal lobectomy patients showed a general impairment in fear conditioning relative to controls. This impairment did not differ with respect to the affected hemisphere. Moreover, while fear-conditioned startle potentiation in healthy controls was independent of contingency awareness, skin conductance discrimination was only observed for those participants who correctly recognized the stimulus contingencies. Patients who acquired a declarative memory of the contingencies also showed intact skin conductance discrimination but failed to exhibit fear-potentiated startle. The present findings support a two-levels-of-learning account of human fear conditioning and also demonstrate that the amygdala is crucially involved in fear learning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (from the journal abstract) |
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Society for Neuroscience |
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Weike, Almut I., Department of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Franz-Mehring-Strasse 47, 17487 |
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0270-64741529-2401Accession Number: 2005-15699-002. First Author & Affiliation: Weike, Almut I.; Department of Psycholgy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany. Other Journal Title: Journal of Neuroscience. Release Date: 20060403. Publication Type: Journal (0100) Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Media Covered: Electronic. Media Available: Electronic; Print. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Brain Lesions; Conditioned Fear; Epilepsy; Psychosurgery; Startle Reflex. Minor Descriptor: Autonomic Nervous System; Eyeblink Reflex; Skin Resistance; Treatment Resistant Disorders. Classification: Neurological Disorders & Brain Damage (3297) . Population: Human (10) Male (30) Female (40) . Location: Germany. Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) . Methodology: Empirical Study; Quantitative Study. References Available: Y. |
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refbase @ user @ Weike2005b |
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4489 |
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Walther, E.; Nagengast, B. |
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Evaluative Conditioning and the Awareness Issue: Assessing Contingency Awareness With the Four-Picture Recognition Test |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
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Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes |
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32 |
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4 |
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454-459 |
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Keywords |
evaluative conditioning, awareness, recognition; face perception; Awareness; Conditioning; Evaluation; Recognition (Learning) |
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An experiment is described that tested the moderating influence of contingency awareness on evaluative conditioning. After participants were conditioned within the picture-picture paradigm, contingency awareness was assessed by means of a recognition test (i.e., the 4-picture recognition test). Results indicate an inverse relationship between the conditioned affective reaction and contingency awareness: Only participants classified as unaware in the recognition test showed significant effects of evaluative learning. A closer inspection indicates that aware individuals stored not only the valence but also the nominal stimulus in mind. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) (from the journal abstract) |
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American Psychological Assn |
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Walther, Eva, Department of Social Psychology, University of Trier, 54286, Trier, Germany, walther@u |
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0097-7403Accession Number: xan-32-4-454. First Author & Affiliation: Walther, Eva; Department of Psychology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Release Date: 20061016. Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal. Media Covered: Electronic. Media Available: Electronic; Print. Document Type: Original Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor(s): Awareness; Conditioning; Evaluation; Face Perception; Recognition (Learning). Classification: Learning & Memory (2343); Population: Human (10); Female (40); Location: Germany. Grant Information: This research was supported by a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft to Eva Walther.. Methodology: Empirical Study; Quantitative Study. References Available: Y. |
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refbase @ user @ Walther2006a |
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4510 |
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Author |
Walther, E.; Nagengast, B. |
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Title |
Evaluative Conditioning and the Awareness Issue: Assessing Contingency Awareness With the Four-Picture Recognition Test |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
32 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
454-459 |
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Keywords |
evaluative conditioning, awareness, recognition; face perception; Awareness; Conditioning; Evaluation; Recognition (Learning) |
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Abstract |
An experiment is described that tested the moderating influence of contingency awareness on evaluative conditioning. After participants were conditioned within the picture-picture paradigm, contingency awareness was assessed by means of a recognition test (i.e., the 4-picture recognition test). Results indicate an inverse relationship between the conditioned affective reaction and contingency awareness: Only participants classified as unaware in the recognition test showed significant effects of evaluative learning. A closer inspection indicates that aware individuals stored not only the valence but also the nominal stimulus in mind. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (from the journal abstract) |
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American Psychological Association |
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Walther, Eva, Department of Social Psychology, University of Trier, 54286, Trier, Germany, walther@u |
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0097-7403Accession Number: 2006-12924-011. First Author & Affiliation: Walther, Eva; Department of Psychology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Other Journal Title: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes. Release Date: 20061016. Publication Type: Journal (0100) Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Media Covered: Electronic. Media Available: Electronic; Print. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Awareness; Conditioning; Evaluation; Face Perception; Recognition (Learning). Classification: Learning & Memory (2343) . Population: Human (10) Female (40) . Location: Germany. Grant Information: This research was supported by a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft to Eva Walther. Methodology: Empirical Study; Quantitative Study. References Available: Y. |
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refbase @ user @ Walther2006b |
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4511 |
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von Hippel, W.; Vargas, P.; Sekaquaptewa, D. |
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Attitudinal process versus content: The role of information processing biases in social judgment and behavior |
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2003 |
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Social Judgments: Implicit and Explicit Processes |
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251-270 |
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attitude-relevant information; information processing biases; attitudinal content; evaluative beliefs; social judgment; attitude object; stereotypic process; self serving process; preferences; Attitudes; Cognitive Processes; Judgment; Social Cognition; Social Perception; Stereotyped Attitudes |
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In this chapter, the authors explore the possibility that attitudes might be thought of in terms of the content of people's preferences versus the processes in which they engage when they encounter attitude-relevant information. Attitudinal content is their label for the traditional approach to the study of attitudes, whereby the attitude is considered the evaluative beliefs that people hold about an object, person, or event. In contrast, attitudinal process is the idea that the way people process attitude-relevant information has an important impact on their eventual representation of the attitude object, thereby influencing behavior and judgment with regard to that object. The authors discuss the classification of attitudinal processes, the dissociation between process and content, empirical work on attitudinal process, the issue of contrast in the attitudinal process, spontaneous explanation in the stereotypic process, and the self-serving process. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2003 APA, all rights reserved) (from the chapter) |
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Cambridge University Press |
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von Hippel, William, School of Psychology, U New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia, 2052, w.vonhip |
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Forgas, J.P.; Williams, K.D. |
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0-521-82248-3, hardcover |
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TY – CHAPAccession Number: 2003-88091-012. First Author & Affiliation: von Hippel, William; School of Psychology, U New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Release Date: 20031124. Publication Type: Chapter (160). Media Covered: Print. Language: English. Major Descriptor(s): Attitudes; Cognitive Processes; Judgment; Social Cognition; Social Perception. Minor Descriptor(s): Preferences; Stereotyped Attitudes. Classification: Social Perception & Cognition (3040). Population: Human (10). Intended Audience: Psychology: Professional & Research (PS). References Available: Y. |
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refbase @ user @ vonHippel2003 |
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4523 |
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