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de Arquer, F.P.G.; Dinh, C.-T.; Ozden, A.; Wicks, J.; McCallum, C.; Kirmani, A.R.; Nam, D.-H.; Gabardo, C.; Seifitokaldani, A.; Wang, X.; Li, Y.C.; Li, F.; Edwards, J.; Richter, L.J.; Thorpe, S.J.; Sinton, D.; Sargent, E.H. |
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Title |
CO2 Electrolysis to Multicarbon Products at Activities Greater than 1 A Cm-2 |
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Journal Article |
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Year  |
2020 |
Publication |
Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
367 |
Issue |
6478 |
Pages |
661-666 |
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Abstract |
Electrode architecture reconciles the hydrophobic nature of CO2 with the need for nearby water to reduce it to ethylene. Electrode architecture reconciles the hydrophobic nature of CO2 with the need for nearby water to reduce it to ethylene. |
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American Association for the Advancement of Science |
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0036-8075, 1095-9203 |
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refbase @ user @ arquerCO2ElectrolysisMulticarbon2020 |
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17592 |
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Author |
Beisswenger, L. |
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Title |
Reaktionstechnische Untersuchungen zur Hydrierung von CO2 zu Fischer-Tropsch-Produkten |
Type |
Book Whole |
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Year |
2020 |
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Bei der Hydrierung von CO2 zu Fischer-Tropsch-Produkten in einem einstufigen Prozess wird die endotherme reverse Wassergas-Shift-Reaktion mit der exothermen Fischer-Tropsch-Reaktion kombiniert. Dadurch kann das entstehende CO direkt weiter reagieren, wodurch das Gleichgewicht der reversen Wassergas-Shift-Reaktion zur Produktseite hin verschoben wird. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden Vorversuche in einem diskontinuierlich betriebenen Versuchsaufbau durchgeführt. Dabei konnten erste Erkenntnisse bezüglich der Druckabhängigkeit der Reaktion sowie der Produktzusammensetzung in Abhängigkeit von der Reaktionsdauer gewonnen werden. Weiterhin wurde eine Versuchsapparatur mit kontinuierlich betriebenem Reaktor in mehreren Iterationsschritten optimiert, um die Reproduzierbarkeit der Messdaten zu verbessern. Mit Hilfe der optimierten kontinuierlichen Versuchsanlage wurden reaktionstechnische Untersuchungen an unterschiedlichen Katalysatorsystemen durchgeführt. Anhand dieser Versuche gelang es, Zusammenhänge zwischen verschiedenen Reaktionsparametern und den entstehenden Produkten zu erkennen. Auß erdem wurde ein Modellkatalysator auf Basis von anodischem Aluminiumoxid präpariert und kontinuierlichen Performancemessungen unterzogen. Die Charakterisierung der Katalysatoren erfolgte mittels Röntgendiffraktometrie, Argon-Physisorption, optischer Emissionsspektrometrie mit induktiv gekoppeltem Plasma, Rasterelektronenmikroskopie und energiedispersiver Röntgenspektroskopie. |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Publisher |
Technische Universität |
Place of Publication |
Darmstadt |
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refbase @ user @ beisswengerReaktionstechnischeUntersuchungenZur2020 |
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17598 |
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Author |
Dieterich, V.; Buttler, A.; Hanel, A.; Spliethoff, H.; Fendt, S. |
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Title |
Power-to-Liquid via Synthesis of Methanol, DME or FischerTropsch-Fuels: A Review |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Energy & Environmental Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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13 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
3207-3252 |
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Abstract |
A review of power-to-liquid for methanol, DME and FT-fuels focusing on commercial synthesis technologies and current power-to-liquid concepts. , The conversion of H 2 and CO 2 to liquid fuels via Power-to-Liquid (PtL) processes is gaining attention. With their higher energy densities compared to gases, the use of synthetic liquid fuels is particularly interesting in hard-to-abate sectors for which decarbonisation is difficult. However, PtL poses new challenges for the synthesis: away from syngas-based, continuously run, large-scale plants towards more flexible, small-scale concepts with direct CO 2 -utilisation. This review provides an overview of state of the art synthesis technologies as well as current developments and pilot plants for the most prominent PtL routes for methanol, DME and Fischer Tropsch-fuels. It should serve as a benchmark for future concepts, guide researchers in their process development and allow a technological evaluation of alternative reactor designs. In the case of power-to-methanol and power-to-FT-fuels, several pilot plants have been realised and the first commercial scale plants are planned or already in operation. In comparison power-to-DME is much less investigated and in an earlier stage of development. For methanol the direct CO 2 hydrogenation offers advantages through less by-product formation and lower heat development. However, increased water formation and lower equilibrium conversion necessitate new catalysts and reactor designs. While DME synthesis offers benefits with regards to energy efficiency, operational experience from laboratory tests and pilot plants is still missing. Furthermore, four major process routes for power-to-DME are possible, requiring additional research to determine the optimal concept. In the case of Fischer Tropsch synthesis, catalysts for direct CO 2 utilisation are still in an early stage. Consequently, todays Fischer Tropsch-based PtL requires a shift to syngas, benefiting from advances in co-electrolysis and reverse water-gas shift reactor design. |
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1754-5692, 1754-5706 |
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refbase @ user @ dieterichPowertoliquidSynthesisMethanol2020 |
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17613 |
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Author |
Dieterich, V.; Buttler, A.; Hanel, A.; Spliethoff, H.; Fendt, S. |
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Title |
Power-to-Liquid via Synthesis of Methanol, DME or FischerTropsch-Fuels: A Review |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Energy & Environmental Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
13 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
3207-3252 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
The conversion of H2 and CO2 to liquid fuels via Power-to-Liquid (PtL) processes is gaining attention. With their higher energy densities compared to gases, the use of synthetic liquid fuels is particularly interesting in hard-to-abate sectors for which decarbonisation is difficult. However, PtL poses new challenges for the synthesis: away from syngas-based, continuously run, large-scale plants towards more flexible, small-scale concepts with direct CO2-utilisation. This review provides an overview of state of the art synthesis technologies as well as current developments and pilot plants for the most prominent PtL routes for methanol, DME and Fischer Tropsch-fuels. It should serve as a benchmark for future concepts, guide researchers in their process development and allow a technological evaluation of alternative reactor designs. In the case of power-to-methanol and power-to-FT-fuels, several pilot plants have been realised and the first commercial scale plants are planned or already in operation. In comparison power-to-DME is much less investigated and in an earlier stage of development. For methanol the direct CO2 hydrogenation offers advantages through less by-product formation and lower heat development. However, increased water formation and lower equilibrium conversion necessitate new catalysts and reactor designs. While DME synthesis offers benefits with regards to energy efficiency, operational experience from laboratory tests and pilot plants is still missing. Furthermore, four major process routes for power-to-DME are possible, requiring additional research to determine the optimal concept. In the case of Fischer Tropsch synthesis, catalysts for direct CO2 utilisation are still in an early stage. Consequently, todays Fischer Tropsch-based PtL requires a shift to syngas, benefiting from advances in co-electrolysis and reverse water-gas shift reactor design. |
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Publisher |
The Royal Society of Chemistry |
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1754-5706 |
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refbase @ user @ dieterichPowertoliquidSynthesisMethanol2020a |
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17614 |
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Author |
Giuliano, A.; Freda, C.; Catizzone, E. |
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Title |
Techno-Economic Assessment of Bio-Syngas Production for Methanol Synthesis: A Focus on the WaterGas Shift and Carbon Capture Sections |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Bioengineering |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
70 |
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Keywords |
methanol synthesis |
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Abstract |
The biomass-to-methanol process may play an important role in introducing renewables in the industry chain for chemical and fuel production. Gasification is a thermochemical process to produce syngas from biomass, but additional steps are requested to obtain a syngas composition suitable for methanol synthesis. The aim of this work is to perform a computer-aided process simulation to produce methanol starting from a syngas produced by oxygensteam biomass gasification, whose details are reported in the literature. Syngas from biomass gasification was compressed to 80 bar, which may be considered an optimal pressure for methanol synthesis. The simulation was mainly focused on the watergas shift/carbon capture sections requested to obtain a syngas with a (H2 CO2)/(CO + CO2) molar ratio of about 2, which is optimal for methanol synthesis. Both capital and operating costs were calculated as a function of the CO conversion in the watergas shift (WGS) step and CO2 absorption level in the carbon capture (CC) unit (by Selexol\® process). The obtained results show the optimal CO conversion is 40% with CO2 capture from the syngas equal to 95%. The effect of the WGS conversion level on methanol production cost was also assessed. For the optimal case, a methanol production cost equal to 0.540 ¬/kg was calculated. |
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Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
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refbase @ user @ giulianoTechnoEconomicAssessmentBioSyngas2020 |
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17637 |
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