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Author |
Haas, C.; Thomas, D.N.; Bareiss, J. |
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Title |
Surface properties and processes of perennial Antarctic sea ice in summer |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Journal of Glaciology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Glaciol |
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Volume |
47 |
Issue |
159 |
Pages |
613-625 |
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Abstract |
Ice-core and snow data from the Amundsen, Bellingshausen and Weddell Seas, Antarctica, show that the formation of superimposed ice and the development of seawater-filled gap layers with high algal standing stocks is typical of the perennial sea ice in summer. The coarse-grained and dense snow had salinities mostly below 0.1ppt. A layer of fresh superimposed ice had a mean thickness of 0.04-0.12 m. Gap layers 0.04-0.08 m thick extended downwards from 0.02 to 0.14 m below the water level. These gaps were populated by diatom standing stocks up to 439 ?g L?¹ chlorophyll a. We propose a comprehensive heuristic model of summer processes, where warming and the reversal of temperature gradients cause major transformations in snow and ice properties. The warming also causes the reopening of incompletely frozen slush layers caused by flood-freeze cycles during winter. Alternatively, superimposed ice forms at the cold interface between snow and slush in the case of flooding with negative freeboard. Combined, these explain the initial formation of gap layers by abiotic means alone. The upward growth of superimposed ice above the water level competes with a steady submergence of floes due to bottom and internal melting and accumulation of snow. |
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Publisher |
International Glaciological Society |
Place of Publication |
Cambridge |
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ISSN |
0022-1430 |
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Notes |
IPØ/Tvärrminne |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ admin @ Haas++2001 |
Serial |
742 |
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Author |
Steffens, M.; Granskog, M.A.; Kaartokallio, H.; Kuosa, H.; Luodekari, K.; Papadimitriou, S.; Thomas, D.N. |
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Title |
Spatial variation of biogeochemical properties of landfast sea ice in the Gulf of Bothnia, Baltic Sea |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Annals of Glaciology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann Glaciol |
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Volume |
44 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
80-87 |
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Keywords |
Sea ice; Fast ice; Sea ice properties; Ice algae; Chlorophyll; Biogeochemistry; Nutrients (mineral); Particulate organic matter; Dissolved organic matter; Salinity; Spatial scale; Spatial variability; Horizontal patchiness; Sampling design; Brackish water; Ane; Baltic Sea; Gulf of Bothnia |
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Abstract |
Horizontal variation of landfast sea-ice properties was studied in the Gulf of Bothnia, Baltic Sea, during March 2004. In order to estimate their variability among and within different spatial levels, 72 ice cores were sampled on five spatial scales (with spacings of 10 cm, 2.5 m, 25 m, 250 m and 2.5 km) using a hierarchical sampling design. Entire cores were melted, and bulk-ice salinity, concentrations of chlorophyll a (Chl a), phaeophytin (Phaeo), dissolved nitrate plus nitrite (DIN) as well as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON) were determined. All sampling sites were covered by a 5.5-23 cm thick layer of snow. Ice thicknesses of cores varied from 26 to 58 cm, with bulk-ice salinities ranging between 0.2 and 0.7 as is typical for Baltic Sea ice. Observed values for Chl a (range: 0.8-6.0 μg Chl a l-1; median: 2.9 μg Chl a l -1) and DOC (range: 37-397 μM; median: 95 μM) were comparable to values reported by previous sea-ice studies from the Baltic Sea. Analysis of variance among different spatial levels revealed significant differences on the 2.5 km scale for ice thickness, DOC and Phaeo (with the latter two being positively correlated with ice thickness). For salinity and Chl a, the 250 m scale was found to be the largest scale where significant differences could be detected, while snow depth only varied significantly on the 25 m scale. Variability on the 2.5 m scale contributed significantly to the total variation for ice thickness, salinity, Chl a and DIN. In the case of DON, none of the investigated levels exhibited variation that was significantly different from the considerable amount of variation found between replicate cores. Results from a principal component analysis suggest that ice thickness is one of the main elements structuring the investigated ice habitat on a large scale, while snow depth, nutrients and salinity seem to be of secondary importance. |
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Publisher |
International Glaciological Society |
Place of Publication |
Cambridge |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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ISSN |
0260-3055 |
ISBN |
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Area |
Baltic Sea; Gulf of Bothnia |
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Conference |
International Symposium on Sea Ice, Dunedin (New Zealand), 5-9 Dec 2005 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ admin @ Steffens++2006 |
Serial |
754 |
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Author |
Thomas, D.N.; Dieckmann, G.S. (eds) |
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Title |
Sea ice – an introduction to its physics, chemistry, biology and geology |
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Book Whole |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
zoology; sea ice |
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Abstract |
Sea ice, which covers up to 7% of the planets surface, is a major component of the worlds oceans, partly driving ocean circulation and global climate patterns... |
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Publisher |
Blackwell Science Ltd |
Place of Publication |
Oxford |
Editor |
Thomas, D.N.; Dieckmann, G.S. |
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Series Volume |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
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ISBN |
0-632-05808-0 |
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Notes |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ Thomas+Dieckmann2003 |
Serial |
845 |
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Author |
Thomas, D.N.; Dieckmann, G.S. (eds) |
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Title |
Sea ice – an introduction to its physics, chemistry, biology and geology |
Type |
Book Whole |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
zoology; sea ice |
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Abstract |
Sea ice, which covers up to 7% of the planets surface, is a major component of the worlds oceans, partly driving ocean circulation and global climate patterns... |
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Publisher |
Blackwell Science Ltd |
Place of Publication |
Oxford |
Editor |
Thomas, D.N.; Dieckmann, G.S. |
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ISBN |
0-632-05808-0 |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ Thomas+Dieckmann2003 |
Serial |
849 |
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Author |
Thomas, D.N.; Dieckmann, G.S. (eds) |
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Title |
Sea ice – an introduction to its physics, chemistry, biology and geology |
Type |
Book Whole |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
zoology; sea ice |
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Abstract |
Sea ice, which covers up to 7% of the planet's surface, is a major component of the world's oceans, partly driving ocean circulation and global climate patterns. It provides a habitat for a rich diversity of marine organisms, and is a valuable source of information in studies of global climate change and the evolution of present day life forms. Increasingly, sea ice is being used as a proxy for extraterrestrial ice covered systems. Sea Ice provides a comprehensive review of our current available knowledge of polar pack ice, the study of which is severely constrained by the logistic difficulties of working in such harsh and remote regions of the earth. The book's editors, Drs Thomas and Dieckmann have drawn together an impressive group of international contributing authors, providing a well-edited and integrated volume, which will stand for many years as the standard work on the subject. Contents of the book include details of the growth, microstructure and properties of sea ice, large-scale variations in thickness and characteristics, its primary production, micro-and macrobiology, sea ice as a habitat for birds and mammals, sea ice biogeochemistry, particulate flux, and the distribution and significance of palaeo sea ice. |
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Publisher |
Blackwell Science Ltd |
Place of Publication |
Oxford |
Editor |
Thomas, D.N.; Dieckmann, G.S. |
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Series Volume |
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Edition |
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ISBN |
0-632-05808-0 |
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Notes |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ admin @ Thomas+Dieckmann2003 |
Serial |
15290 |
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