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Author |
Dieckmann, G.S.; Eicken, H.; Haas, C.; Garrison, D.L.; Gleitz, M.; Lange, M.; Nöthig, E.-M.; Spindler, M.; Sullivan, C.W.; Thomas, D.N.; Weissenberger, J. |
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Title |
A compilation of data on sea ice algal standing crop from the Bellingshausen, Amundsen and Weddell Seas from 1983 to 1994 |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Antarctic sea ice: Biological processes, interactions and variability |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
85-92 |
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Keywords |
Algae; Biomass; Ecology; Ice composition; Antarctica; Bellingshausen Sea; Amundsen Sea; Weddell Sea |
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Abstract |
Algal standing stock as chlorophyll a in sea ice was compiled from 448 cores collected during 13 U.S. and German research cruises to Antarctica between 1983 and 1994. The data have a high variability and show no clear relationships with other parameters such as core length. However, seasonal variations in standing stock are discernable. The authors recommend that due to the high variability in the data and inconsistency of sampling methods, the data be used with caution, since they do not represent all sea ice habitats. We provide the data due to the current need for such information for the parameterization of models. |
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Publisher |
American Geophysical Union |
Place of Publication  |
Washington, DC |
Editor |
Lizotte, M.P.; Arrigo, K.R. |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
Antarctic Research Series |
Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
73 |
Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
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ISBN |
0-87590-901-9 |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ admin @ Dieckmann++1998 |
Serial |
731 |
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Author |
Thomas, D.N.; Dieckmann, G.S. |
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Title |
Antarctic sea ice – a habitat for extremophiles |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
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Volume |
295 |
Issue |
5555 |
Pages |
641-644 |
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Keywords |
Microorganisms; Sea ice; Ecosystems; Polar zones; Antarctic zone; Epontic organisms; Sea ice ecology; Antarctic sea ice; Marine microorganisms; Marine ecosystems; Bacteria; Algae; Psychrophilic bacteria; extremophiles; Ps; Antarctica |
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Abstract |
The pack ice of Earth's polar oceans appears to be frozen white desert, devoid of life. However, beneath the snow lies a unique habitat for a group of bacteria and microscopic plants and animals that are encased in an ice matrix at low temperatures and light levels, with the only liquid being pockets of concentrated brines. Survival in these conditions requires a complex suite of physiological and metabolic adaptations, but sea-ice organisms thrive in the ice, and their prolific growth ensures they play a fundamental role in polar ecosystems. Apart from their ecological importance, the bacterial and algae species found in sea ice have become the focus for novel biotechnology, as well as being considered proxies for possible life forms on ice- covered extraterrestrial bodies. |
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Publisher |
American Association for the Advancement of Science |
Place of Publication |
Washington, DC |
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ISSN |
0036-8075 |
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Notes |
Review |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ admin @ Thomas+Dieckmann2002_2 |
Serial |
759 |
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Author |
Thomas, D.N.; Lara, R.J.; Haas, C.; Schnack-Schiel, S.B.; Dieckmann, G.S.; Kattner, G.; Nöthig, E.-M.; Mizdalski, E. |
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Title |
Biological soup within decaying summer sea ice in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Antarctic sea ice: Biological processes, interactions and variability |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
161-171 |
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Keywords |
Marine biology; Algae; Ice composition; Pack ice; Decomposition; Ecology; Nutrient cycle; Antarctica; Amundsen Sea |
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Abstract |
In late February 1994, during the ANT XI/3 expedition of R/V Polarstern, ice cores from perennial sea ice were sampled in the Amundsen Sea in areas of dense pack ice. The ice was largely rotten, and a conspicuous feature was the occurrence of thick gaps and voids, often filled with a dark brown slush comprised of loose ice chunks and crystals. These interior ice assemblages were at depths between 1.0 and 1.5 m in 3 to 4 m thick ice floes, and had remarkably rich interior ice algal assemblages (<= 377 µg Chl a L?¹) which were in turn a food source for unusually large numbers of foraminifers (<= 1262 individuals L?¹), the calanoid copepod Stephos longipes (<= 163 individuals L?¹) and harpacticoid copepods (<= 168 individuals L?¹). Analysis of inorganic nutrients (nitrate, phosphate, ammonium, nitrite, and silicate) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) showed that these were sites of high nutrient supply coupled with high rates of nutrient regeneration. |
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Publisher |
American Geophysical Union |
Place of Publication |
Washington, DC |
Editor |
Lizotte, M.P.; Arrigo, K.R. |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
Antarctic Research Series |
Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
73 |
Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
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ISBN |
0-87590-901-9 |
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Notes |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ admin @ Thomas++1998 |
Serial |
764 |
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Author |
Underwood, G.J.C.; Aslam, S.N.; Michel, C.; Niemi, A.; Norman, L.; Meiners, K.M.; Laybourn-Parry, J.; Paterson, H.; Thomas, D.N. |
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Title |
Broad-scale predictability of carbohydrates and exopolymers in Antarctic and Arctic sea ice |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
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Volume |
110 |
Issue |
39 |
Pages |
15734-15739 |
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Keywords |
Antarctic Regions; Arctic Regions; Biopolymers/*analysis; Carbohydrates/*analysis; Ice Cover/*chemistry; Models, Chemical; Molecular Weight; Solubility; algae; biogeochemistry; global relationships; microbial |
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Abstract |
Sea ice can contain high concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), much of which is carbohydrate-rich extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by microalgae and bacteria inhabiting the ice. Here we report the concentrations of dissolved carbohydrates (dCHO) and dissolved EPS (dEPS) in relation to algal standing stock [estimated by chlorophyll (Chl) a concentrations] in sea ice from six locations in the Southern and Arctic Oceans. Concentrations varied substantially within and between sampling sites, reflecting local ice conditions and biological content. However, combining all data revealed robust statistical relationships between dCHO concentrations and the concentrations of different dEPS fractions, Chl a, and DOC. These relationships were true for whole ice cores, bottom ice (biomass rich) sections, and colder surface ice. The distribution of dEPS was strongly correlated to algal biomass, with the highest concentrations of both dEPS and non-EPS carbohydrates in the bottom horizons of the ice. Complex EPS was more prevalent in colder surface sea ice horizons. Predictive models (validated against independent data) were derived to enable the estimation of dCHO concentrations from data on ice thickness, salinity, and vertical position in core. When Chl a data were included a higher level of prediction was obtained. The consistent patterns reflected in these relationships provide a strong basis for including estimates of regional and seasonal carbohydrate and dEPS carbon budgets in coupled physical-biogeochemical models, across different types of sea ice from both polar regions. |
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Address |
School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom |
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Publisher |
National Academy of Sciences |
Place of Publication |
Washington, DC |
Editor |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0027-8424 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
PMID:24019487; PMCID:PMC3785782 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
17491 |
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Author |
Granskog, M.A.; Kaartokallio, H.; Thomas, D.N.; Kuosa, H. |
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Title |
Influence of freshwater inflow on the inorganic nutrient and dissolved organic matter within coastal sea ice and underlying waters in the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea) |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Estuar Coast Shelf Sci |
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Volume |
65 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
109-122 |
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Keywords |
coastal oceanography; sea ice; river plumes; estuarine chemistry; nutrients (mineral); dissolved organic matter; Baltic Sea |
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Abstract |
A study was conducted to measure the biogeochemical characteristics of freshwater plumes underlying Baltic Sea land-fast ice, and the overlying sea ice. A 40-km long transect was conducted in the northern Baltic Sea in March 2003, following a freshwater plume from its source into the fully mixed open-sea area. The spreading of river outflow below the ice resulted in a well-stratified low-salinity surface layer further out than normally occurs in the open-water period. The freshwaters were high in dissolved organic matter (DOC, DON and CDOM), and inorganic nutrients (ammonium, nitrate and silicate), although the levels of phosphate were low. In general these parameters changed concurrently with salinity in such a way that mixing was conservative. The characteristics of the ice varied from the freshwater source to the open water, with increasing salinity and brine volumes (porosity) occurring in the more open-sea stations. Coinciding with the changes in ice properties there was an increase in sea-ice algal growth in the more marine stations along the transect. Biological activity in the ice was largely confined to bottom ice assemblages. In contrast to the conditions in the underlying water, no relationship between salinity, inorganic nutrients and organic matter was observed in the ice. In particular ammonium, phosphate, DOC and DON were present in excess of those levels predicted from the dilution curves, indicating the presence of considerable DOM production by ice assemblages, inorganic nutrient uptake and remineralization within the ice. |
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Publisher |
Academic Press |
Place of Publication |
San Diego |
Editor |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0272-7714 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
Sampling: Nine stations along a 40km salinity gradient from inner Pojo Bay through the Archipelago to the edge of the open sea |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ admin @ Granskog++2005_2 |
Serial |
740 |
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