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Author |
Steffens, M.; Granskog, M.A.; Kaartokallio, H.; Kuosa, H.; Luodekari, K.; Papadimitriou, S.; Thomas, D.N. |
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Title |
Spatial variation of biogeochemical properties of landfast sea ice in the Gulf of Bothnia, Baltic Sea |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Sea Ice, Dunedin (New Zealand), 5-9 Dec 2005 |
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Pages |
80-87 |
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Publisher |
International Glaciological Society |
Place of Publication |
Cambridge |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
Annals of Glaciology |
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Series Volume |
44 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ admin @ Steffens2006 |
Serial |
17385 |
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Author |
Steffens, M.; Granskog, M.A.; Kaartokallio, H.; Kuosa, H.; Luodekari, K.; Papadimitriou, S.; Thomas, D.N. |
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Title |
Spatial variation of biogeochemical properties of landfast sea ice in the Gulf of Bothnia, Baltic Sea |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Sea Ice, Dunedin (New Zealand), 5-9 Dec 2005 |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
80-87 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
International Glaciological Society |
Place of Publication |
Cambridge |
Editor |
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Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
Annals of Glaciology |
Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
44 |
Series Issue |
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Edition |
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Call Number |
refbase @ admin @ Steffens2006 |
Serial |
17396 |
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Author |
Steffens, M.; Granskog, M.A.; Kaartokallio, H.; Kuosa, H.; Luodekari, K.; Papadimitriou, S.; Thomas, D.N. |
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Title |
Spatial variation of biogeochemical properties of landfast sea ice in the Gulf of Bothnia, Baltic Sea |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Sea Ice, Dunedin (New Zealand), 5-9 Dec 2005 |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
80-87 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
International Glaciological Society |
Place of Publication |
Cambridge |
Editor |
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Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
Annals of Glaciology |
Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
44 |
Series Issue |
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Edition |
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Call Number |
refbase @ admin @ Steffens2006 |
Serial |
17407 |
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Author |
Granskog, M.; Kaartokallio, H.; Kuosa, H.; Thomas, D.N.; Vainio, J. |
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Title |
Sea ice in the Baltic Sea – A review |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Estuar Coast Shelf Sci |
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Volume |
70 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
145-160 |
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Keywords |
sea ice; Baltic Sea; biogeochemistry; plankton; seasons |
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Abstract |
Although the seasonal ice cover of the Baltic Sea has many similarities to its oceanic counterpart in Polar Seas and Oceans, there are many unique characteristics that mainly result from the brackish waters from which the ice is formed, resulting in low bulk salinities and porosities. In addition, due to the milder climate than Polar regions, the annual maximum ice extent is highly variable, and rain and freeze-melt cycles can occur throughout winter. Up to 35% of the sea ice mass can be composed from metamorphic snow, rather than frozen seawater, and in places snow and superimposed ice can make up to 50% of the total ice thickness. There is pronounced atmospheric deposition of inorganic nutrients and heavy metals onto the ice, and in the Bothnian Bay it is estimated that 5% of the total annual flux of nitrogen and phosphorus and 20–40% of lead and cadmium may be deposited onto the ice fields from the atmosphere. It is yet unclear whether or not the ice is simply a passive store for atmospherically deposited compounds, or if they are transformed through photochemical processes or biological accumulation before released at ice and snow melt.As in Polar sea ice, the Baltic ice can harbour rich biological assemblages, both within the ice itself, and on the peripheries of the ice at the ice/water interface. Much progress has been made in recent years to study the composition of these assemblages as well as measuring biogeochemical processes within the ice related to those in underlying waters. The high dissolved organic matter loading of Baltic waters and ice result in the ice having quite different chemical characteristics than those known from Polar Oceans. The high dissolved organic material load is also responsible in large degree to shape the optical properties of Baltic Sea ice, with high absorption of solar radiation at shorter wavelengths, a prerequisite for active photochemistry of dissolved organic matter.Land-fast ice in the Baltic also greatly alters the mixing characteristics of river waters flowing into coastal waters. River plumes extend under the ice to a much greater distance, and with greater stability than in ice-free conditions. Under-ice plumes not only alter the mixing properties of the waters, but also result in changed ice growth dynamics, and ice biological assemblages, with the underside of the ice being encased, in the extreme case, with a frozen freshwater layer.There is a pronounced gradient in ice types from more saline ice in the south to freshwater ice in the north. The former is characteristically more porous and supports more ice-associated biology than the latter. Ice conditions also vary considerably in different parts of the Baltic Sea, with ice persisting for over half a year in the northernmost part of the Baltic Sea, the Bothnian Bay. In the southern Baltic Sea, ice appears only during severe winters. |
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Address |
Granskog: Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, P.O. Box 122, FI-96101 Rovaniemi, Finland |
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Publisher |
Elsevier Science BV |
Place of Publication |
Amsterdam |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0272-7714 |
ISBN |
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Area |
Baltic Sea |
Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
Review |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ admin @ Granskog++2006 |
Serial |
738 |
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Author |
Granskog, M.A.; Kaartokallio, H.; Thomas, D.N.; Kuosa, H. |
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Title |
Influence of freshwater inflow on the inorganic nutrient and dissolved organic matter within coastal sea ice and underlying waters in the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea) |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Estuar Coast Shelf Sci |
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Volume |
65 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
109-122 |
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Keywords |
coastal oceanography; sea ice; river plumes; estuarine chemistry; nutrients (mineral); dissolved organic matter; Baltic Sea |
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Abstract |
A study was conducted to measure the biogeochemical characteristics of freshwater plumes underlying Baltic Sea land-fast ice, and the overlying sea ice. A 40-km long transect was conducted in the northern Baltic Sea in March 2003, following a freshwater plume from its source into the fully mixed open-sea area. The spreading of river outflow below the ice resulted in a well-stratified low-salinity surface layer further out than normally occurs in the open-water period. The freshwaters were high in dissolved organic matter (DOC, DON and CDOM), and inorganic nutrients (ammonium, nitrate and silicate), although the levels of phosphate were low. In general these parameters changed concurrently with salinity in such a way that mixing was conservative. The characteristics of the ice varied from the freshwater source to the open water, with increasing salinity and brine volumes (porosity) occurring in the more open-sea stations. Coinciding with the changes in ice properties there was an increase in sea-ice algal growth in the more marine stations along the transect. Biological activity in the ice was largely confined to bottom ice assemblages. In contrast to the conditions in the underlying water, no relationship between salinity, inorganic nutrients and organic matter was observed in the ice. In particular ammonium, phosphate, DOC and DON were present in excess of those levels predicted from the dilution curves, indicating the presence of considerable DOM production by ice assemblages, inorganic nutrient uptake and remineralization within the ice. |
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Publisher |
Academic Press |
Place of Publication |
San Diego |
Editor |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0272-7714 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
Sampling: Nine stations along a 40km salinity gradient from inner Pojo Bay through the Archipelago to the edge of the open sea |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ admin @ Granskog++2005_2 |
Serial |
740 |
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