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Author |
Granskog, M.A.; Kaartokallio, H.; Thomas, D.N.; Kuosa, H. |
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Title |
Influence of freshwater inflow on the inorganic nutrient and dissolved organic matter within coastal sea ice and underlying waters in the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea) |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Estuar Coast Shelf Sci |
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Volume |
65 |
Issue  |
1-2 |
Pages |
109-122 |
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Keywords |
coastal oceanography; sea ice; river plumes; estuarine chemistry; nutrients (mineral); dissolved organic matter; Baltic Sea |
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Abstract |
A study was conducted to measure the biogeochemical characteristics of freshwater plumes underlying Baltic Sea land-fast ice, and the overlying sea ice. A 40-km long transect was conducted in the northern Baltic Sea in March 2003, following a freshwater plume from its source into the fully mixed open-sea area. The spreading of river outflow below the ice resulted in a well-stratified low-salinity surface layer further out than normally occurs in the open-water period. The freshwaters were high in dissolved organic matter (DOC, DON and CDOM), and inorganic nutrients (ammonium, nitrate and silicate), although the levels of phosphate were low. In general these parameters changed concurrently with salinity in such a way that mixing was conservative. The characteristics of the ice varied from the freshwater source to the open water, with increasing salinity and brine volumes (porosity) occurring in the more open-sea stations. Coinciding with the changes in ice properties there was an increase in sea-ice algal growth in the more marine stations along the transect. Biological activity in the ice was largely confined to bottom ice assemblages. In contrast to the conditions in the underlying water, no relationship between salinity, inorganic nutrients and organic matter was observed in the ice. In particular ammonium, phosphate, DOC and DON were present in excess of those levels predicted from the dilution curves, indicating the presence of considerable DOM production by ice assemblages, inorganic nutrient uptake and remineralization within the ice. |
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Academic Press |
Place of Publication |
San Diego |
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ISSN |
0272-7714 |
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Notes |
Sampling: Nine stations along a 40km salinity gradient from inner Pojo Bay through the Archipelago to the edge of the open sea |
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Call Number |
refbase @ admin @ Granskog++2005_2 |
Serial |
740 |
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Author |
Schnack-Schiel, S.B.; Dieckmann, G.S.; Gradinger, R.; Melnikov, I.A.; Spindler, M.; Thomas, D.N. |
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Title |
Meiofauna in sea ice of the Weddell Sea (Antarctica) |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Polar Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Polar Biol |
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Volume |
24 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
724-728 |
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Keywords |
Sea ice biota; Foraminifera; Antarctic sea ice; Sea ice; Meiofauna; Community composition; Meiobenthos; Antarctic zone; Juveniles; Psw; Weddell Sea; Antarctica |
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Abstract |
Sea-ice meiofauna was studied during various cruises to the Weddell Sea. Foraminifers dominate (75%) the sea-ice community in terms of numerical abundance while turbellarians dominate (45%) in terms of biomass. Distribution of organisms is patchy and varies considerably between cruises but also between sampling sites within one cruise. The bulk of the meiofauna is concentrated in the lowest parts of the sea ice, especially during winter and autumn. However, in porous summer sea ice, sympagic organisms also occur in high densities in upper and intermediate layers of sea ice. Proto- and metazoans associated with Antarctic sea ice include organisms actually living in sea ice, as well as those on the underside of floes and in the underlying water. The sea-ice habitat serves as a feeding ground, as well as an important nursery for juveniles, providing energy-rich food resources. The ice also constitutes a shelter from predators. |
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Springer |
Place of Publication |
Heidelberg |
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0722-4060 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ admin @ Schnack-Schiel++2001 |
Serial |
751 |
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Author |
Hulatt, C.J.; Thomas, D.N. |
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Title |
Productivity, carbon dioxide uptake and net energy return of microalgal bubble column photobioreactors |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Bioresource Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Bioresour Technol |
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Volume |
102 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
5775-5787 |
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Keywords |
*Bioreactors; Carbon Dioxide/*metabolism; Energy Metabolism; Equipment Design; Microalgae/growth & development/*metabolism; Photochemistry |
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Abstract |
This work examined the energy return of Chlorella vulgaris and Dunaliella tertiolecta cultivated in a gas-sparged photobioreactor design where the power input for sparging was manipulated (10, 20, and 50 Wm(-3)). Dry weight, organic carbon and heating values of the biomass were measured, plus a suite of variables including Fv/Fm and dissolved oxygen. A model for predicting the higher heating value of microalgal biomass was developed and used to measure the energetic performance of batch cultivations. High power inputs enhanced maximum biomass yields, but did not improve the energy return. Cultivation in 10 Wm(-3) showed up to a 39% higher cumulative net energy return than 50 Wm(-3), and increased the cumulative net energy ratio up to fourfold. The highest net energy ratio for power input was 19.3 (D. tertiolecta, 12% CO(2), 10 Wm(-3)). These systems may be a sustainable method of biomass production, but their effectiveness is sensitive to operational parameters. |
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Address |
School of Ocean Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Askew Street, Menai Bridge, Isle of Anglesey LL59 5AB, UK. osp418@bangor.ac.uk |
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English |
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ISSN |
0960-8524 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
PMID:21376576 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
12983 |
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Author |
Krell, A.; Ummenhofer, C.; Kattner, G.; Naumov, A.; Evans, D.; Dieckmann, G.S.; Thomas, D.N. |
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Title |
The biology and chemistry of land fast ice in the White Sea, Russia – A comparison of winter and spring conditions |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Polar Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Polar Biol |
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Volume |
26 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
707-719 |
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Abstract |
Various abiotic and biotic parameters, including phytoplankton distribution, were studied to investigate seasonal changes within the fast-ice cover in Chupa Inlet, a freshwater-influenced Arctic-like fjord in Kandalaksha Bay (White Sea). Sea ice and under-ice water were collected along transects in the inlet in February and April 2002. Ice-texture analysis, salinity and δ18O values indicated that the complete ice sheet had transformed within 2 months. This resulted from an upward growth of snow ice and subsequent melting at the underside of the ice, which makes a comparison between the two sampling periods difficult in terms of defining temporal developments within the ice. Nutrients, DOC and DON concentrations in the under-ice water were typical for Russian Arctic rivers. Concentrations of nitrate, silicate and DOC in the ice were lower, which is attributed to a loss as the ice forms. The concentrations were also modified by biological activity. In February, there was a strong correspondence between the distribution of biological parameters, including particulate and dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen (POC and PON, DOC and DON) and inorganic nutrients (nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and silicate), which was not the case in April. The correlation between both DOC and DON with ammonium indicates heterotrophic activity within the winter ice collected in February. Sea-ice organisms were distributed throughout the ice, and several assemblages were found in surface layers of the ice. In April, a more typical distribution of biomass in the ice was measured, with low values in the upper part and high algal concentrations in the lower sections of the ice, characteristic of a spring ice-algal bloom. In contrast to the February sampling, there was evidence that the ice-algal assemblage in April was nitrogen-limited, with total inorganic nitrogen concentrations being <1 µ mand a mean inorganic nitrogen to phosphorus ratio of 2.8. The ice assemblages were dominated by diatoms (in particular, Nitzschia spp.). There were temporal shifts in the assemblage composition: in February, diatoms accounted for 40% and in April for >98% of all organisms counted. |
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Publisher |
Springer-Verlag |
Place of Publication |
Heidelberg |
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0722-4060 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ Krell++2003 |
Serial |
290 |
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Author |
Hulatt, C.J.; Thomas, D.N. |
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Title |
Energy efficiency of an outdoor microalgal photobioreactor sited at mid-temperate latitude |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Bioresource Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Bioresour Technol |
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Volume |
102 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
6687-6695 |
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Keywords |
Biomass; *Bioreactors; Climate; Geography; Microalgae/growth & development/*metabolism; Oxygen/metabolism; Scenedesmus/growth & development/*metabolism; Seasons; Solar Energy |
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Abstract |
This work examined the energetic performance of a 6-month semi-continuous cultivation of Scenedesmus obliquus in an outdoor photobioreactor at mid-temperate latitude, without temperature control. By measuring the seasonal biomass production (mean 11.31, range 1.39-23.67 g m(-2)d(-1)), higher heating value (22.94 kJ g(-1)) and solar irradiance, the mean seasonally-averaged photosynthetic efficiency (2.18%) and gross energy productivity (0.27 MJ m(-2) d(-1)) was calculated. When comparing the solar energy conversion efficiency to the energy investment for culture circulation, significant improvements in reactor energy input must be made to make the system viable. Using the data collected to model the energetic performance of a substitute photobioreactor design, we conclude that sustainable photobioreactor cultivation of microalgae in similar temperate climates requires a short light path and low power input, only reasonably obtained by flat-panel systems. However, temperature control was not necessary for effective long-term cultivation. |
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Address |
School of Ocean Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Askew Street, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB, UK. osp418@bangor.ac.uk |
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English |
Summary Language |
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ISSN |
0960-8524 |
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Notes |
PMID:21511466 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
12984 |
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