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Author |
Mock, T.; Thomas, D.N. |
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Title |
Recent advances in sea-ice microbiology |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Environmental Microbiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Environ Microbiol |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
605-619 |
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Abstract |
Over the past 50 years there has been much effort invested in the investigation of the ecology of sea ice. Sea ice is an ephemeral feature of the Arctic and Southern Oceans and smaller water bodies such as the Baltic and Caspian Seas. The semisolid ice matrix provides a range of habitats in which a diverse range of microbial organisms thrive. In the past 5 years there has been considerable steps forward in sea-ice research, in particular regarding the analysis of sea-ice microstructure and the investigation of the diversity and adaptation of microbial communities. These studies include: (i) controlled simulated and in situ studies on a micrometer scale to unravel the dynamic of the microhabitat with consequences for the organisms; (ii) the introduction of molecular approaches to uncover the diversity of uncultured still unknown microorganisms; and (iii) studies into the molecular adaptation of selected model organisms to the extreme environment. This minireview presents some of the most recent findings from sea-ice studies within the framework of these aims. |
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Blackwell Publishing, Inc. |
Place of Publication |
Oxford |
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ISSN |
1462-2912 |
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Notes |
Minireview |
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Call Number  |
refbase @ admin @ Mock+Thomas2005 |
Serial |
750 |
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Author |
Schnack-Schiel, S.B.; Dieckmann, G.S.; Gradinger, R.; Melnikov, I.A.; Spindler, M.; Thomas, D.N. |
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Title |
Meiofauna in sea ice of the Weddell Sea (Antarctica) |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Polar Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Polar Biol |
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Volume |
24 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
724-728 |
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Keywords |
Sea ice biota; Foraminifera; Antarctic sea ice; Sea ice; Meiofauna; Community composition; Meiobenthos; Antarctic zone; Juveniles; Psw; Weddell Sea; Antarctica |
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Abstract |
Sea-ice meiofauna was studied during various cruises to the Weddell Sea. Foraminifers dominate (75%) the sea-ice community in terms of numerical abundance while turbellarians dominate (45%) in terms of biomass. Distribution of organisms is patchy and varies considerably between cruises but also between sampling sites within one cruise. The bulk of the meiofauna is concentrated in the lowest parts of the sea ice, especially during winter and autumn. However, in porous summer sea ice, sympagic organisms also occur in high densities in upper and intermediate layers of sea ice. Proto- and metazoans associated with Antarctic sea ice include organisms actually living in sea ice, as well as those on the underside of floes and in the underlying water. The sea-ice habitat serves as a feeding ground, as well as an important nursery for juveniles, providing energy-rich food resources. The ice also constitutes a shelter from predators. |
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Springer |
Place of Publication |
Heidelberg |
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0722-4060 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ admin @ Schnack-Schiel++2001 |
Serial |
751 |
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Author |
Schnack-Schiel, S.B.; Thomas, D.N.; Haas, C.; Dieckmann, G.S.; Alheit, R. |
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Title |
The occurrence of the copepods Stephos longipes (Calanoida) and Drescheriella glacialis (Harpacticoida) in summer sea ice in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Antarctic Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Antarctic Sci |
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13 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
150-157 |
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Keywords |
copepods; Drescheriella glacialis; sea ice; seasonality; Stephos longipes |
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Abstract |
In January to March 1997, a RV Polarstern cruise that transected the Weddell Sea resulted in samples being taken in thick pack ice in the south-eastern Weddell Sea and then along the marginal ice edge towards the Antarctic Peninsula. Several ice types were thus sampled over a wide geographic area during late summer/early autumn. Common features of the first warm period was the occurrence of surface ponds, and that many floes had quasi-continuous horizontal gaps, underlying a layer of ice and metamorphic snow. With the onset of cold air temperatures in late February the gaps rapidly refroze. The calanoid copepod Stephos longipes occurred in all habitats encountered and showed highest numbers in the surface ice in summer, in the gap water during both seasons and in the refrozen gap water in autumn. Nauplii outnumbered copepodids in the surface ice and refrozen gap water, while in the gap water copepodids, mainly stages CI-CIII in summer and CII-CIV in autumn, comprised about 70% of the total population. The harpacticoid species Drescheriella glacialis did not occur in all habitats and was missing in surface ponds and new ice. Nauplii of D. glacialis were rarely found in gapwater, but predominated in the refrozen gaps. |
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ISSN |
0954-1020 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ admin @ Schnack-Schiel++2001_2 |
Serial |
753 |
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Author |
Schnack-Schiel, S.B.; Dieckmann, G.S.; Kattner, G.; Thomas, D.N. |
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Title |
Copepods in summer platelet ice in the eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Polar Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Polar Biol |
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Volume |
27 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
502-506 |
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Abstract |
Copepods in platelet-ice layers underlying fast ice and in the water column below were studied at Drescher Inlet, eastern Weddell Sea in February 1998. Three copepod species were found: Drescheriella glacialis and Paralabidocera antarctica occurred in platelet-ice layers, while Stephos longipes was only present in the water column. The distribution of all species varied considerably between station and depth. D. glacialis dominated the platelet-ice community and occurred at all five platelet-ice sampling sites, except one, with numbers of up to 26 ind. l?¹. In contrast, P. antarctica was only found in low numbers (up to 2 ind. l?¹) at one site. The total copepod abundance in the platelet ice was not associated with algal biomass, although it was strongly correlated with high ammonium concentrations (up to 9 µM) in the interstitial water between the platelets. This is the first indirect evidence to support the hypothesis that zooplankton excretion can partly account for the high ammonium values often found in platelet-ice layers. |
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Springer-Verlag |
Place of Publication |
Heidelberg |
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ISSN |
0722-4060 |
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Notes |
Short note |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ admin @ Schnack-Schiel++2004 |
Serial |
752 |
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Author |
Steffens, M.; Granskog, M.A.; Kaartokallio, H.; Kuosa, H.; Luodekari, K.; Papadimitriou, S.; Thomas, D.N. |
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Title |
Spatial variation of biogeochemical properties of landfast sea ice in the Gulf of Bothnia, Baltic Sea |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Annals of Glaciology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann Glaciol |
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Volume |
44 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
80-87 |
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Keywords |
Sea ice; Fast ice; Sea ice properties; Ice algae; Chlorophyll; Biogeochemistry; Nutrients (mineral); Particulate organic matter; Dissolved organic matter; Salinity; Spatial scale; Spatial variability; Horizontal patchiness; Sampling design; Brackish water; Ane; Baltic Sea; Gulf of Bothnia |
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Abstract |
Horizontal variation of landfast sea-ice properties was studied in the Gulf of Bothnia, Baltic Sea, during March 2004. In order to estimate their variability among and within different spatial levels, 72 ice cores were sampled on five spatial scales (with spacings of 10 cm, 2.5 m, 25 m, 250 m and 2.5 km) using a hierarchical sampling design. Entire cores were melted, and bulk-ice salinity, concentrations of chlorophyll a (Chl a), phaeophytin (Phaeo), dissolved nitrate plus nitrite (DIN) as well as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON) were determined. All sampling sites were covered by a 5.5-23 cm thick layer of snow. Ice thicknesses of cores varied from 26 to 58 cm, with bulk-ice salinities ranging between 0.2 and 0.7 as is typical for Baltic Sea ice. Observed values for Chl a (range: 0.8-6.0 μg Chl a l-1; median: 2.9 μg Chl a l -1) and DOC (range: 37-397 μM; median: 95 μM) were comparable to values reported by previous sea-ice studies from the Baltic Sea. Analysis of variance among different spatial levels revealed significant differences on the 2.5 km scale for ice thickness, DOC and Phaeo (with the latter two being positively correlated with ice thickness). For salinity and Chl a, the 250 m scale was found to be the largest scale where significant differences could be detected, while snow depth only varied significantly on the 25 m scale. Variability on the 2.5 m scale contributed significantly to the total variation for ice thickness, salinity, Chl a and DIN. In the case of DON, none of the investigated levels exhibited variation that was significantly different from the considerable amount of variation found between replicate cores. Results from a principal component analysis suggest that ice thickness is one of the main elements structuring the investigated ice habitat on a large scale, while snow depth, nutrients and salinity seem to be of secondary importance. |
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Publisher |
International Glaciological Society |
Place of Publication |
Cambridge |
Editor |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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ISSN |
0260-3055 |
ISBN |
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Area |
Baltic Sea; Gulf of Bothnia |
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Conference |
International Symposium on Sea Ice, Dunedin (New Zealand), 5-9 Dec 2005 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ admin @ Steffens++2006 |
Serial |
754 |
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