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Smith, E. V. L. R., Dyson, R. M., Vanderboor, C. M. G., Sarr, O., Anderson, J., Berry, M. J., et al. (2022). Maternal Fructose Intake Causes Developmental Reprogramming of Hepatic Mitochondrial Catalytic Activity and Lipid Metabolism in Weanling and Young Adult Offspring. Ijms, 23(2), 999.
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Dana, H. R., & El Mansori, M. (2020). Mechanical characterisation of anisotropic silica sand/furan resin compound induced by binder jet 3D additive manufacturing technology. Ceramics international, 46(11), 17867–17880.
Abstract: Binder jet 3D printing of ceramic materials is an additive manufacturing technology that enables the production of complex and multi-functional parts through the selective jet binding of precursor powder beds. The present study makes use of the 3D Sand Printing (3DSP) process to create moulds and cores in the casting industry. The use of the 3DSP components as functional parts in industrial production is limited due to the uncertainty associated with their mechanical properties, such as their permeability and thermal stability. Moreover, because of the porous nature of their printed structures, their mechanical properties are dispersed and rather difficult to reproduce. This study aims to characterise the impact of different printing parameters on the mechanical performance of printed parts. For this purpose, a specific device was made in order to assess the mechanical characteristics of samples printed via this technique. The effects of processing parameters such as the printing orientation and building direction on the compressive properties of the printed specimens have also been carefully studied. Microstructural analyses were performed to better understand the relationship between the 3DSP process and the mechanical properties of the components produced from it. The results show that the mechanical tests carried out significantly improve the property reproducibility of the samples made using this technique.
Keywords: 3D sand print process ; Compression test ; Mechanical characterisation ; Microstructural ; Printing parameter
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Federowicz, K., Kaszynska, M., Zielinski, A., & Hoffmann, M. (2020). Effect of Curing Methods on Shrinkage Development in 3D-Printed Concrete. Materials, 13(11), 2590.
Abstract: Technological developments in construction have led to an increase in the use of 3D modelling using CAD environments. The popularity of this approach has increased in tandem with developments in industry branches which use 3D printers to print concrete based printing materials in construction, as these allow freedom in shaping the dimensions of supporting elements. One of the biggest challenges for researchers working on this highly innovative technology is that of cement material shrinkage. This article presents the findings of research on an original method of measuring deformations caused by shrinkage in 3D-printed concrete elements. It also discusses the results of tests on base mixes, as well as comparisons between the influence of internal and external curing methods on the development of deformations and their final outcomes. Furthermore, the article discusses differences between deformations formed after seven days of hardening without curing, with those which occur when two common, traditional concrete curing methods are used: foil insulation and shrinkage reducing admixtures. In addition, the article examines the effects of internal curing on the 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 day mechanical properties of concrete, in accordance with EN 196-1 and EN 12390-2. Studies have shown that the optimal amount of shrinkage reducing admixtures is 4% (in relation to the mass of cement), resulting in a reduction in total shrinkage of 23%. The use of a shrinkage reducing admixture in 3D-printed concrete does not affect their strength after 28 days, but slows the strength development during the first 7 days.
Keywords: 3D Concrete Printing ; additive manufacturing ; curing conditions ; digital construction ; shrinkage
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Shah, J., Snider, B., Clarke, T., Kozutsky, S., Lacki, M., & Hosseini, A. (2019). Large-scale 3D printers for additive manufacturing: design considerations and challenges. International journal of advanced manufacturing technology, 104(9-12), 3679–3693.
Abstract: Since the advent of 3D printing in the mid-1980s, additive manufacturing has grown steadily and found numerous applications across all types of industries. More recently, the industry has seen a spur of growth as the terms of the original patents expired and new companies entered the market. While there exist several different methods of additive manufacturing, polymer-based material extrusion 3D printing (also known as fused filament fabrication) has become one of the most widely used ones due to its lower cost, ease of use, and versatility. While development has greatly expanded the material availability and improved the quality of prints, material extrusion 3D printers have often faced a challenge in physical scaling. There are inherent design hurdles to the extrusion process when the print starts to grow larger. This paper aims to study the market landscape of extrusion-based 3D printing technology for polymer-based material as well as challenges faced in upscaling this technology for industrial applications. A prototype large-scale material extrusion 3D printer has been designed, constructed, and then tested to gain experimental data on large-scale 3D printing using thermoplastic polymers as a printing material. Results of testing and experimentation verified certain key design elements and how they can improve large-scale 3D printing. Testing also revealed how large diameter nozzles for the hot end introduce challenges not seen in small-scale 3D printers. This paper also seeks to consolidate available information pertaining to large-scale 3D printing into one comprehensive document.
Keywords: CAE) and Design ; Computer-Aided Engineering (CAD ; Engineering ; Industrial and Production Engineering ; Mechanical Engineering ; Media Management ; Original Article
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